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| Topic | If you want to ... | ... type this command: |
| BASICS | display a calendar | cal [month] [year] e.g. cal 6 1992 OR cal 1947 OR cal |
| Remote access to a server | telnet server_address e.g. telnet et791.ni.utoledo.edu |
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| Transfer files from one server to the other | ftp server_address e.g. ftp et791.ni.utoledo.edu |
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| display or set the time and date | date | |
| Topic | If you want to ... | ... type this command: |
| DIRECTORIES | display the present working directory (current directory) | pwd |
| move from the current directory to the system root directory | cd / | |
| move to a different directory | cd directory_name | |
| move up one directory level | cd .. | |
| move up two directory levels | cd ../.. | |
| move to an adjacent directory | cd ../directory_name | |
| return to your login (or home) directory | cd $home | |
| make a sub-directory in your current directory | mkdir new_directory_name | |
| remove an empty sub-directory from the current directory | rmdir directory_name | |
| remove a directory, all sub-directories and all the files contained within them (USE WITH CAUTION !) | rm -r directory_name | |
| Topic | If you want to ... | ... type this command: |
| FILES | list all files contained in the current directory | ls |
| list all files in the current directory which have the extension cpp | ls *.cpp | |
| list all files, including hidden ones (such as a .forward or a .signature file) | ls -a | |
| list details of all files including permissions | ls -l (file permissions [d = directory, r = read, w = write, x = executable], links present for a directory, logonid, size, date, time/year, filename) |
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| list details of all files (as above) plus any hidden files | ls -la | |
| list the contents of a text file (one page at a time) | more filename (text will display one screen at a time, press the spacebar to see the next page, return key to read next line,q to quit and b to go back one page.) |
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| list the contents of a text file (one page at a time) | less filename (text will display one screen at a time, press the spacebar to see the next page, press the letter b to review previous screen.less works in much the same way as more but allows additional options(basically those of the vi editor) Most people prefer "less" to "more") |
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| list the contents of a text file (without control over screen scrolling) | cat filename | |
| copy a file | cp sourcefile destinationfile | |
| rename a file | mv oldfile newfile | |
| move a file | mv file.ext subdir/file.ext | |
| delete a file | rm filename in response to filename? type y |
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| edit a file using vi | vi filename | |
| edit a file using pico | pico filename pico is the recommended full-screen editor for C++ programs |
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| locate a file of your own, display its path or alias | which filename (shows an alias if applicable or the location of the file if it is located in a directory found in the current path) [first found instance of filename] |
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| locate a file (system or your own), and display its path | find path -name file -print (searches for all instances of the file as named, starting at the location specified in path, working its way down the directories until all the subdirectories have been searched) |
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| locate a file on the path from the current directory, and display its location | whereis filename (searches for filename, a system executable file, beginning in the current directory and its subdirectories) |
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| Topic | If you want to ... | ... type this command: |
| HELP | use the on-line help manual | man command (eg: man ls displays pages for the list command) |
| get help on using the online help manual | man man | |
| display commands containing a keyword | man -k keyword (eg: man -k quota displays all commands with the keyword QUOTA) |
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| Topic | If you want to ... | ... type this command: |
| LOGON ID | find a login id for a particular person(s) with a common name | whois surname |
| find a login id for a particular person | finger surname | |
| list all people currently logged in | finger | |
| list all people currently logged in | w | |
| Topic | If you want to ... | ... type this command: |
| COMMUNICATION | ask for a talk session with someone currently logged in | talk login_id |
| send an email message to someone | mail login_id OR mail email_addr |
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| test a communication path | ping hostname OR ping IP_addr |
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| Added to the Web: September 1, 2007. Web page design by Dan Solarek. |
 http://cset.sp.utoledo.edu/cset3150/ |
